煤炭技术

针对传统的二维火灾模拟与研究方法难以全面揭示综放采空区复杂的空间环境与火灾传播特性的问题，通过构建一种基于三维空间的自然发火模拟试验平台，采用理论研究、现场观测和模拟实验等方法，分析采空区自然发火的发生机理及其影响因素，建立与之相适应的空间防灭火体系。实验显示，采空区遗煤的自燃现象不仅与煤本身的物理化学性质，如煤的变质程度、氧化反应热释放特性和耗氧速率等自然属性相关，还受到采空区浮煤的粒度分布、采空区内的空隙率、风流渗漏的强度、浮煤的厚度变化以及浮煤在采空区中的空间位置的影响。针对综放采空区空间自然发火的复杂特性，提出一系列防灭火技术对策，如均压通风、构筑挡风墙、矸石隔离带、高位钻孔注胶体、气雾阻化、注氮、压注凝胶或胶体泥浆等，旨在从三维空间视角有效封堵采空区的漏风通道，抑制采空区内的氧气供应，减缓煤层氧化过程，降低自然发火的发生风险，提高灭火效率，可为综放采空区火灾防控技术提供新的思路，具有一定的理论意义与实践价值。

Aiming at the traditional two-dimensional fire simulation and research method,which is difficult to fully reveal the complex spatial environment and fire propagation characteristics in the fully mechanized caving goaf,construct a three-dimensional space natural fire simulation test platform,and use theoretical research,on-site observation and simulation experiments, etc. analyze the occurrence mechanism of natural fire in the mining area and its influencing factors,establish a spatial fire prevention and extinguishing system that is suitable for the problem. The experiments show that the spontaneous ignition phenomenon of coal remains in the comprehensivemining areais not only related to the physical and chemical properties of the coal itself,such as the degree of deterioration of the coal,the heat release characteristics of the oxidation reaction and the rate of oxygen consumption and other natural attributes, but also affected by the particle size distribution of the floating coal in the fully mechanized caving goaf, the void ratio within the fully mechanized caving goaf, the strength of the wind flow seepage, the thickness change of the floating coal, and the spatial location of the floating coal in the fully mechanized caving goaf. In view of the complex characteristics of natural fire in in the fully mechanized caving goaf, a series of fire prevention and extinguishing technology countermeasures are proposed, such as equal pressure ventilation,construction of windbreak wall, gangue isolation zone, high level drilling and injection of colloid,aerosol obstruction,nitrogen injection, holding down gel or colloidal mud,etc. which are aimed at effectively blocking the leakage channel of the airspace from the 3D spatial viewpoint, suppressing the oxygen supply of the airspace, slowing down the process of oxidation of the coal bed, reducing the natural fire occurrence and improving the efficiency, and improving the fire fighting efficiency, which can be used to improve the risk of fire fighting,and improve the fire fighting efficiency. The purpose of this project is to effectively block the air leakage channels in the goaf are from a three-dimensional perspective, inhibit the oxygen supply in the air mining area, slow down the oxidation process of the coal seam,reduce the risk of natural fire,improve the efficiency of fire extinguishing, and provide new ideas for the fire prevention and control technology in the comprehensive discharge mining area, which is of theoretical significance and practical value.