煤炭技术

以某煤矿14321综放工作面为研究对象，采用CCZ-20A型粉尘采样器，进行现场测试结合工业分析、红外光谱分析、激光粒度分析、润湿角分析等实验，分析“截—移—放”各个工序区域产尘质量浓度扩散规律及分布特征。结果表明：在截煤区域及架间区域顺、逆风截煤工序产尘呈现相似扩散规律，顺风截煤略大于逆风截煤，整体呈现先增大至峰值再迅速减小至稳定值的规律，质量浓度峰值出现在截煤机后滚筒处。移架工序产尘质量浓度呈现整体下降的趋势，随着距离增加，全尘下降趋势越来越大，呼尘下降趋势越来越小，最后趋于稳定值的规律，全尘质量浓度趋于18.33 mg/m³，呼尘质量浓度趋于7.78 mg/m³。放煤工序整体产尘质量浓度呈现先上升后下降的趋势，尤其呼尘产尘量较为显著，质量浓度峰值出现在多口放煤区域后测点处，全尘峰值质量浓度为148.33 mg/m³，呼尘峰值质量浓度为94.5 mg/m³。整体“截—移—放”工序区域内，煤样平均固碳量及挥发分总和为87.33%，具有高爆炸风险性，含有多种官能团结构，如—OH结构、芳香结构等，接触角平均58.7°，润湿性一般，架间区粒径尺寸，集中分布在0～31.829μm，放煤区煤样粒径，集中分布在0～56.835μm。研究为14321工作面防尘工作提供理论指导。

Taking the 14321 fully-mechanized top-coal caving face as the research object, this study investigated the dust diffusion migration laws and distribution characteristics during the "CuttingSupporting-Caving" process through field measurements using a CCZ-20A dust sampler and laboratory analyses including industrial analysis, infrared spectroscopy, laser particle size analysis, and contact angle measurement. The results revealed that: dust generation during both downwind and upwind cutting exhibited similar diffusion patterns, initially increasing to a peak near the rear drum of the shearer before decreasing rapidly to a stable level; during supporting operations, dust concentrations decreased overall, with total dust stabilizing at 18.33 mg/m³ and respirable dust at 7.78 mg/m³; during multi-outlet caving, dust concentration first increased then decreased, peaking at 148.33 mg/m³ for total dust and 94.5 mg/m³ for respirable dust behind the caving area. Coal samples from the working area showed high explosibility risk, 87.33 % fixed carbon and volatiles, contained functional groups like—OH and aromatics, and exhibited moderate wettability, average contact angle 58.7°. Particle size distribution was finest between supports 0 to 31.829 μm and coarser in the caving area 0 to 56.835 μm. This study provides theoretical guidance for dust control in the 14321 working face.