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我国能源结构的深入调整对煤炭行业的高质量发展提出了新要求。放顶煤开采技术作为厚煤层开采的主要方法之一，也不断完成技术突破，逐步向高质量发展迈进。本文系统地分析了放顶煤开采技术40余年来的发展历程、技术现状及目前面临的挑战。结合新时期下煤炭能源发展的新形势，从系统高可靠、安全零事故、智能集约化、资源高回收、绿色可持续开采5个方面阐述了放顶煤开采高质量发展内涵与要求。提出了未来放顶煤技术高质量发展攻关方向，包括智能放煤、全程放煤、无煤柱开采、采空区处理矸石、覆岩协同控制、卸压开采、限厚开采等技术方向，并探讨了放顶煤合理开采厚度确定的主要原则，为放顶煤开采技术的高质量发展提供了参考。
Abstract：The in-depth adjustment of China′s energy structure has put forward new requirements for the high-quality development of the coal industry. Top coal caving mining technology, as one of the main methods for thick coal seam mining, has continuously achieved technological breakthroughs and gradually moved towards high-quality development. This paper systematically analyzes the development history, current technological status, and existing challenges of top coal caving mining technology over the past 40-plus years. In light of the new landscape for coal energy development in the contemporary era, the connotation and requirements for high-quality development of top coal caving are elaborated from five perspectives: high system reliability, zero safety accidents, intelligent intensification, high resource recovery, and green and sustainable mining. Future key research directions for the highquality development of top coal caving mining technology are proposed, including intelligent coal caving, full-process top coal caving, pillarless mining, gangue disposal in goaf, coordinated overburden control, pressure relief mining, and limited-height mining. Furthermore, the main principles for determining the rational mining height in top coal caving are discussed, providing a reference for the high-quality development of top coal caving mining technology.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13301/j.cnki.ct.2026.01.001
中图分类号:TD823.49
引用信息:
[1]王家臣,张锦旺,侯志远,等.我国放顶煤开采技术高质量发展路径探讨[J].煤炭技术,2026,45(01):1-14.DOI:10.13301/j.cnki.ct.2026.01.001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上资助项目（52374106;52374148）