煤炭技术

针对深部高应力软岩巷道围岩大变形及支护结构失效的工程难题，以西铭矿为工程背景，综合运用现场勘查、理论建模、数值仿真与工业试验等方法，揭示了巷道变形破坏特征及失稳演化规律。提出了“协同一体化”围岩控制理论，通过浅深部注浆锚固、深孔预应力锚索加强及底板卸压槽构筑等关键技术，构建了围岩-支护结构协同承载体系。结果表明：协同承载结构的极限承载力优于单一措施；FLAC3D模拟显示该方案能促使内外层围岩协同工作，有效耗散塑性区变形能，引导应力场向均匀化演化，围岩峰值应力区向深部转移至距帮部10 m范围。工业试验表明，实施新方案后巷道变形趋于稳定，最大水平收敛量小于巷道跨度4%，顶底板移近低于巷道高度5%。研究为高应力软岩巷道控制提供了理论依据与技术路径。

Aiming at the engineering challenges of large deformation of surrounding rock in deep highstress soft rock roadways and failure of support structures, with Ximing Mine as the engineering background, a combination of field investigation, theoretical modelling, numerical simulation and industrial tests was used to reveal the deformation and failure characteristics of the roadways and the evolution law of instability. The "collaborative integration" surrounding rock control theory was proposed, and key technologies such as shallow and deep grouting anchoring, deep-hole prestressed anchor cable reinforcement, and construction of floor pressure-relieving grooves were applied to build a collaborative bearing system of surrounding rock and support structures. The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of the collaborative bearing structure is superior to that of a single measure;FLAC3D simulations show that this scheme can promote the collaborative work of inner and outer layers of surrounding rock, effectively dissipate deformation energy in the plastic zone, guide the stress field towards uniform evolution, and transfer the peak stress zone of the surrounding rock to deeper areas within 10 m from the rib. Industrial tests indicate that after implementing the new scheme, roadway deformation tends to stabilise, with maximum horizontal convergence less than 4% of the roadway span and roof and floor movement less than 5% of the roadway height. The study provides a theoretical basis and technical approach for controlling deep high-stress soft rock roadways.